| Disease |
Pathogen |
Target species |
Contamination mode |
zoonotic risk |
|
Viral zoonosis
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avian Influenza
|
Influenza type A, various subtype including H5N1
|
all birds |
contact with droppings or oculo-nasal secretions
|
+ |
|
Newcastle disease
|
Paramyxovirus of type 1
|
migratory birds |
dust inhalation,eyes contact by rubbing with infected hands
|
+/_ conjunctivitis
non in Europe since 1999
|
|
West Nile fever
|
Arbovirus (Flaviridae)
|
migratory birds |
mosquitoes
|
+/_
|
|
Bacterial zoonosis
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chlamydiosis
|
Chlamydophila psittaci |
Especially Psittaciformes |
inhalation of droppings and feathers dust, eyes and nose secretions |
++ |
|
Campylobacteriosis
|
Campylobacter spp.
|
all species |
fecal-oral pathway |
+/_ |
|
Listeriosis
|
Listeria
monocytogenes
|
all species |
contact, inhalation |
+/_ |
|
Salmonellosis
|
Salmonella enterica enterica |
all species |
fecal-oral pathway |
+/_ |
|
Pseudotuberculosis
|
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
|
all species |
fecal-oral pathway |
+/_ |
|
Tuberculosis
|
Mycobactehum tuberculosis, M. bovis
|
psittaciformes |
direct contact |
++
Reverse zoonosis: Parrot tuberculosis reveals a human tuberculosis
|
|
Swine erysipelas
|
Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae
|
Turkey, other birds |
direct contact |
+/_
|
|
Rickettsiosis
|
Rickettsia spp.
|
|
|
|
|
Parasitic zoonoses
|
|
|
|
|
|
Candidiasis
|
Candida albicans |
all species |
direct contact |
+/_ |
|
Cryptosporidiosis
|
Cryptosporidium spp.
|
passeriformes, psittaciformes |
direct, food carrying sporulated oocysts |
+/_ |
|
Red mites
|
Dermanyssus gallinae
|
columbiformes, chickens, small exotic birds |
direct or indirect contact |
+/_ |
|
Giardiasis (beaver fever)
|
Giardia psittaci
|
cockatiels, Passeriformes |
fecal-oral pathway |
+/_ |
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
Passeriformes |
direct contact |
+/_ |
|
Cryptococcosis
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
pigeons |
droppings
|
+/_ |
